More recently, the region has been the destination of mixed flows of refugees and migrants from Venezuela, with Panama, Mexico and Costa Rica serving as the main destination countries ( International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Inter-Agency Coordination Platform for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela (R4V).īeginning in early 2020 onward, the COVID-19 pandemic has made a significant impact on migration in the region. The region of Central America 1 (including Mexico) can be characterized by the following migration dynamics: (1) outmigration from countries in the region to Northern America, in large part to the United States (2) intraregional migration flows (migrants originating from countries in the region moving to other countries within the same region), with the main destination countries being Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica and Panama (3) transit flows (mainly of migrants originating from the Caribbean, South America, Asia and Africa) through countries of the region often with the intention of arriving to Northern America as well as (4) notable return migration flows mainly from the United States and Mexico to countries of origin in northern Central America (Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador).
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